Holistic Medicine :: essays papers

Holistic Medicine Millions of people around the world are living with pain that could be prevented with the use of alternative therapies. As a result many of these people use harmful or ineffective drugs and surgeries in an attempt to cure their ailments. With a steady schedule of massage therapy, acupuncture, and healthy foods, people can lead a healthy and invigorating life without drugs or surgery. During the time of the ancient Roman gladiators, massage therapy was used to treat everything from headaches to sports injures on them. Today massage therapy is widely recognized as a sensible alternative to traditional medicine, in that it relieves pain and soreness otherwise helped by taking pills or other medicines. Massage can help everyone, including premature infants according to USA Weekend, "premature infants who get regular massages in the hospital gain more weight and leave the hospital sooner then unmassaged babies"(McNichol,22). I firmly believe that massage therapy is one of the best preventative measures that a person can take to avoid most medical problems involved with aging, physical exertion, and the stress of everyday life. Some doctors agree by saying, "If you have a massage every week, you will have 2/3 less illness" (H. Gruenn, M.D.). There are many different types of massage therapy including relaxing Swedish massage for relieving stress, sports massage for treating sports related injuries, and therapeutic massage to name a few. Relaxing Swedish massage is one of the most effective ways to deal with that invisible killer, stress. By applying smooth gentle stokes or other non-invasive massage techniques, the Swedish massage practitioner can relieve the client of the every day stresses of life that can be fatal if not dealt with. In sports massage, the use of more advanced massage techniques can relieve athletes of lactic acid and other wastes that accumulate in the muscles due to exertion. Other therapeutic massage techniques such as Neuromuscular, Myofascal, and Lymphatic drainage can aid in the recovery of injured clients. Another form of alternative therapy is the ancient Chinese healing art of acupuncture. Acupuncture was first experimented within the First Imperial Medical College of China during the Sui Dynasty in 589 AD. "In Chinese medicine, and therefore in acupuncture, health is determined by a persons ability to maintain a balanced and harmonious internal environment."(Mills pg. 8). This theory of internal harmony is expressed through the principles of Ying and Yang and it's five separate phases: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Internal harmony is also based on the uninterrupted flow of the "Qi", or vitality. The Qi is responsible for all Holistic Medicine :: essays papers Holistic Medicine Millions of people around the world are living with pain that could be prevented with the use of alternative therapies. As a result many of these people use harmful or ineffective drugs and surgeries in an attempt to cure their ailments. With a steady schedule of massage therapy, acupuncture, and healthy foods, people can lead a healthy and invigorating life without drugs or surgery. During the time of the ancient Roman gladiators, massage therapy was used to treat everything from headaches to sports injures on them. Today massage therapy is widely recognized as a sensible alternative to traditional medicine, in that it relieves pain and soreness otherwise helped by taking pills or other medicines. Massage can help everyone, including premature infants according to USA Weekend, "premature infants who get regular massages in the hospital gain more weight and leave the hospital sooner then unmassaged babies"(McNichol,22). I firmly believe that massage therapy is one of the best preventative measures that a person can take to avoid most medical problems involved with aging, physical exertion, and the stress of everyday life. Some doctors agree by saying, "If you have a massage every week, you will have 2/3 less illness" (H. Gruenn, M.D.). There are many different types of massage therapy including relaxing Swedish massage for relieving stress, sports massage for treating sports related injuries, and therapeutic massage to name a few. Relaxing Swedish massage is one of the most effective ways to deal with that invisible killer, stress. By applying smooth gentle stokes or other non-invasive massage techniques, the Swedish massage practitioner can relieve the client of the every day stresses of life that can be fatal if not dealt with. In sports massage, the use of more advanced massage techniques can relieve athletes of lactic acid and other wastes that accumulate in the muscles due to exertion. Other therapeutic massage techniques such as Neuromuscular, Myofascal, and Lymphatic drainage can aid in the recovery of injured clients. Another form of alternative therapy is the ancient Chinese healing art of acupuncture. Acupuncture was first experimented within the First Imperial Medical College of China during the Sui Dynasty in 589 AD. "In Chinese medicine, and therefore in acupuncture, health is determined by a persons ability to maintain a balanced and harmonious internal environment."(Mills pg. 8). This theory of internal harmony is expressed through the principles of Ying and Yang and it's five separate phases: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Internal harmony is also based on the uninterrupted flow of the "Qi", or vitality. The Qi is responsible for all

Book Report on `A Young Woman’s Mathematical Journey In Code

They say some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them. In case of Sarah, did she achieve greatness? The answer to this question is both yes and no! How she can achieve greatness, where was the time for it?She was just sixteen, a tender age not even good enough to fall in love, and yet the word ‘great’ was firmly implanted on her. Was greatness thrust upon her? The answer to this question is firm ‘No!’   The part of the statement that befits her is that she is born great. Her illustrious mathematical journey had arrived at the sterling landmark at that young age.This work is both knowledge and enjoyment. The brilliance of the students comes to the fore at the Undergraduate and University levels. That is the time when the Professors spot the intelligent, brilliant and the brilliant among the brilliant students. But Sarah’s extraordinary brilliance must have been spotted when she was in the kindergarten. This is so, because, her father was a renowned Professor of Mathematics.Academic studies do matter for students like Sarah, but such genius children invariably study in the College of Self-Education, where their mind is their Principal. Their initiative, their Professors! Their hard work, their tutors! They are ambitious and industrious. They decide upon a project; start, act and finish.â€Å"The eldest among five children, Flannery went to high school at Scoil Mhuire Gan Smal in Blarney, where she gave a science fair presentation on cryptography. In researching RSA encryption, she created her own encryption algorithm, which earned her an Esat Young Scientist Exhibition and later an Intel Fellows Achievement Award.She went to college at the University of Cambridge, graduating in 2003 with a degree in computer engineering. Now she works for American video game developer Electronic Arts.†(Planet†¦)In brief, what the book is about†¦.This book is the mathematician’s deli ght. How the serious subject like mathematics, can be interspersed with humor. Her introduction to the book itself fascinates and kindles curiosity. By reading it, you realize why she attained instant fame which she richly deserves.In introduction she gives details about public-key cryptography, the RSA algorithm and the alternate algorithm that she created. The lucid style and control on the language required to deal with mathematical explanations is the strong point of the book.Genius has nothing to do with the age. Therefore, forget for a while that a teenager is the author of the book, yet you can not forget that lovely and inspiring face of the author in the cover page of the book! Unless known in advance, you will find it difficult to believe that she is the owner of such a brilliant brain. You probably think that this book is the creation of an experienced Professor, well researched from a long list of bibliography.The book begins in an orthodox style. Instead of saying somet hing about the author straightaway, the book gives description with pages of family background. That again is about mathematics, because her father was the Professor of mathematics.   A long section, titled, â€Å"Early Challenges† follows. This is where the challenges for the readers are thrown. They are recollections of her past.The mention of about a dozen puzzles is made. She owned them from her father, told for the benefit of Sarah and her brothers. David Flannery, their father was the mentor of mathematics as well. The description for each puzzle is given along with an invitation for the reader to try to solve the same, before trying to locate the solution provided in the book elsewhere. Your chances of success are not very bright. A black-board in the dining room!That is bound to happen when you have four sons and a daughter, all interested in the serious study of mathematics. On the blackboard, new puzzle was recorded each day for them to work on. Like, â€Å"Given a five-liter jar and a three-liter jar and an unlimited supply of water, how do you measure out four liters exactly?†Some got into more difficult concepts: â€Å"How might you determine the average earnings of a group of people in a room (at a class reunion, perhaps) without any individual's divulging his or her salary?† the second puzzle has the latent message, which forms part of the theme all through the book.That is to try getting information and hiding information. With such intelligent invitations the readers become part of the proceedings in the book. It is no effort to score over the reader but to win the reader in a positive style. It is to encourage him, and no to affront one with the exhibition of intelligence. Those who think that this is a book on the subject of mathematics which is bound to have the serious start will have peasant surprise to be greeted with mind-boggling puzzles.Fame and Publicity and thereafter†¦.She received instant fame, became a celebrity in mathematics overnight, but she was humble about her achievements. Here she speaks beyond her age refuses to expand like the balloon with inflated ego. â€Å"I have no doubt that I am not a genius,†she declares.â€Å"I am not being falsely modest. Through my father’s classes I have seen examples of true genius and I know I do not possess that ‘insight’ that distinguishes geniuses from those regarded as merely intelligent.†(p. 243). Those who read the book were sure about her impending success in the world of mathematics. She was the worthy mathematics daughter of a worthy mathematics Professor.Next to puzzles†¦.She attempts the most original aspect of the subject of mathematics problems that take her to the position and fame sky-rocketing. Overnight she is a world-figure as for mathematics. The subject matter for any national level competition has got to be the unique one. She was to enter the Esat Irish Young Scientist’s Co mpettion-1998.The project on cryptography was done by her at the suggestion and instance of her father. Her project will throw light on various cryptographic techniques, providing the account of the famous RSA algorithm. The mention and discussion of all these things is initiated at page 40 of the book, she discuses learning the relevant mathematics and the programming involved.Then her father takes over the mathematical literature for the next 110 pages, and you catch up with Sarah again in page number 150.These pages contain mathematical exposition authored by David Flannery. They provide the basics of cryptography, and to understand it, is not the easiest of the propositions. He introduces thoroughly RSA algorithms at this stage.When Sarah takes over at page number 150, she is at the threshold of the fame that is about to engulf her young personality. She gets tremendous response for her project that fetches her several prizes, and she is inspired to prepare for another ambitious and prestigious entry –the Rafe Jones at Brown University.She is on the second step of the ladder of success. She undergoes a week-long internship at a Dublin cryptography company, and notices several techniques. Thereafter, she devises an alternative algorithm to the RSA and that is the flagship issue of her new project.The results achieved by her are astounding. Her method is simple matrix multiplication instead of the relatively cumbersome modular exponentiation of the RSA. Her algorithm runs twenty times faster. It is christened by her as the Cayley Purser algorithm, the 19th century British mathematician Arthur Cayley as also Michael Purser, the mathematician whose ideas caught her imagination during her internship.She runs in to the thick of the issues now-she proves how the new algorithm is secure from certain kinds of attacks and it becomes the mathematical odyssey for her, wherein she is required to explore and master the cobweb of not too familiar mathematics. Such a situation is the testing time for any student of mathematics.It was probing the new waters for the first time with lots of hopes of positive results, but also with the fear of disappointment, should anything go wrong, at the most unsuspected moment. Mathematics is such a subject where there is no scope for errors. You have got to be accurate, as otherwise the whole edifice built by you step by step will collapse.â€Å"All of this was an unusual experience for me,† she writes, â€Å"but I had a great feeling of excitement. I think it was because I was working on something that no one had worked on before. I worked constantly for whole days on end, and it was exhilarating† (p. 208).To get the worthy solution, you need to have a strong problem. That was the situation Sarah, luckily found she in. The thesis problem provided lots of enthusiasm to her to go ahead. With the finalization of the thesis problem, she considered her to be lucky.The problem was of her creation a nd she was bent upon to own the responsibility to solve it herself. She began to put extra efforts and worked desperately to find the authentic solution.She reaped the dividends for her sincere efforts, she was able to prove that Cayley Purser algorithm had strong defenses and it can withstand successfully attack from a large family. She provides the detailed description to judge her new project, both algorithm and proof, in the 1999 Irish Young Scientist competition.An inventive mind is always excited about any new achievement-you decide on a problem for you and then solve it successfully. Same was the case with Sarah.When you smell success, when you have positive indications that you are nearing solution, the excitement is all the more. At that stage Sarah burnt the midnight oil to continue her sincere efforts. Success had to kneel before her; she showed the strong defense for the Cayley-Purser algorithm in the face of multi-pronged family attacks. She gives the detailed account, step by step, how her project needs to be judged, and the related explanation for the algorithm, with unassailable proofs.In the 1999 Irish Young Scientists Competition., she quotes from her journal, â€Å"On one occasion,† she writes, â€Å"I looked out of our little huddle and it felt really strange—our conversation was so very intense that just to look around was like coming up for air† (p. 222). The finest moment of her judging was, she writes: â€Å"Before they left, [the judge] asked me the simplest question of all, and I could see he was wondering whether or not I would be able to answer it.The answer was the fast exponentiation algorithm, and I must have smiled before I replied, because I knew it was the perfect end to the perfect session. I had been able to defend my project at all levels. The last question was a check to see if I knew the fundamentals. They smiled at each other on my final answer, which I’ll never forget.† (p. 223).It was the perfect culmination. The excitement was about how gracefully Sarah walked up to the stage to accept the title of Irish Young Scientist of the Year. It was one of the extraordinary moments of her life. The charm of youth was on her side.And the algorithm she talked held excellent possibility of rich dividends. The inquisitive media stood alerted and the unexpected bonus arrived, when London Times front-paged an article on her mathematical exploits. Overnight she entered the portals of stardom in mathematics. It did not take long time to transform her academic achievements towards the commercial gain.The would-be cryptograph entrepreneurs were seeking her services. She received many offers to give lectures in Singapore. Mention of her name was made in the official magazine of the Spice Gils. She also received a request from Profile Books in London to write up the experiences and all that prompted to advance on the tough path of mathematics.The budding young mathematician’s book had the firs print order of 35,000 copies, the marketing budget of $ 65,000 and an eight-city author-tour.About the contents of the book, Sarah often   sweetly apologizes for going deep into number theory; before explaining matrices, she writes, â€Å"I promise that from then on there will be no more explicit mathematics, only light explanations of mathematical ideas.†The hard-core mathematics in the book is restricted to two chapters. For those who wish to learn more, there are appendices. Her main project is about how the most famous current encoding system works, and in the meantime, she had invented one of her own. She takes extensive pains to explain both the systems and goes deep into the number theory along the route.With the winning of the prize, fame and the monetary gains consequential to the fame arrived like an avalanche. Pepsi wanted her to concede that the mathematics brain and that of the family was due to lavish consumption of Pepsi, but the offer of c ontract was promptly turned down. A good mathematical calculation viewed from the humanitarian angle; they were aware perhaps of the harmful effects of such addictive drinks on the health of the younger generation!â€Å"I have no doubt that I am not a genius,† said the prize winner of the 1999 European Contest for Young Scientists. Bu who would believe her and at the same time remain without deeply appreciating her modesty! She was the media sensation within days after getting the prestigious award. She was about to be hailed as an instant celebrity, for the public key to cryptography, the method used to transmit secure data over the Internet, but destiny played its part.When everyone in the knowledgeable circles thought that her encryption algorithm is worth the millions, a security hole was discovered. Nevertheless she had done a great job. Now she met her father on equal terms, a mathematician talking to another senor mathematician.There is an interesting interaction betwe en the father-daughter mathematical duos. To be taught lessons from her father in the drawing room of the house was one thing. To be part of his lecture fraternity, and listen to his mathematical revelations in an organized way sitting as one among the audience was altogether a different experience. The previous day, he had a serious, purposeful conversation with Sarah. Her father said, â€Å"Now that you have decided to do transition year, I must do some math with you.† He continued, â€Å"I'd like to show you how some beautiful but reasonably elementary mathematics is applied, stuff that you wouldn't ordinarily come across in school.†She could not understand the immediate intentions of her father. She thought he was inviting her to the kitchen blackboard, as she was aware of his enthusiastic ways; how he got inspired at the most unsuspected moment and wished to unleash his mathematical knowledge on her, whether she was mentally prepared   for it or not.Perhaps, at that moment she was not ready to receive the tough lessons of mathematics. She replied, â€Å"Dad, whatever you do, do something structured!† That set him thinking, as to the proper, most effective and appropriate way to teach and take her to the world of mathematics. He remembered his past. The debt he owed to the one who taught him mathematics. How the torch of mathematical knowledge was passed on to his hand.It now depended, what he would do, with what his teacher did for him, and from where he left.   He strongly felt that he must transfer the knowledge to some one else who richly deserved it. Who else could be that individual except his own daughter, in whom he must have noticed the latent mathematical genius?He told his daughter, â€Å"Of course, only if you are genuinely interested-I wouldn't force it on you.† She was genuinely interested. The evening lecture by her father proved to be the foundation stone for the grand mathematical edifice that she was going to build.Sarah was now part of the class of serious students studying mathematics. The evening classes from seven ten, with the student strength of 8, continued for twenty five nights. The daughter was the youngest student, just 15 years and six months, but a couple of other students too were young.There were adults who came from various backgrounds. Computer scientists, a secondary school mathematics teacher, a chemistry graduate working for a medical laboratory. They were the ones who loved mathematics, and who regretted their inaction in not pursuing the mathematics study, when young. It was a class that had its own specialties.The cause of study was great, not the career out of the study. No credits were given. It was not part of any major. No home work or study was demanded. It was David Flannery’s way of â€Å"getting back into math† with no holds barred approach. You wee encouraged to come up with your most silly questions. He loved and appreciated those who mad e fools of themselves, as according to him, only those will learn and had the chance of success.These assurances, coming from a reputed Professor, were greatly appreciated by the students. They looked forward to the classes with expectancy and with hope that they will be exposed to something interesting about the mathematics in the next session.Sarah though had peculiar problem that the teacher was her father, she was able to mentally sort out the issue. Her dedication and the serious approach when she meant study, paved the way or her progress.From the teacher’s perspective, what one teaches is important. But how one teaches, what one teaches is more important. Towards this end David Flannery filled the bill admirably. He was the one who enjoyed his teachings and encouraged his students to learn in style.No time-bound hard tasks were expected from the students. Each one was encouraged to estimate one’s level of understanding, and progress accordingly. He was able to m aintain an atmosphere of affection at home and in his classes.The brain teasing puzzles enticed the students to know more and more, and the hours spent by the students in the association of David Flannery, proved highly fructifying. His company kindled their curiosity further. They eagerly awaited his next class and firmly believed that something more interesting would be in store for them.The class was not all fun as was made out initially by David Flannel. That was his style of making the students interested in the subject. Soon, the intensive part of his chartered syllabus for the students began and his forays were in the  Ã‚     elementary number theory, with cryptography as the final destination.He would the take the students entirely to different horizons of mathematics, interesting sights that were rich in content, may not be of use for the immediate application.When David Flannery was a student, the application of the number theory were so few (industrial and internet re volutions had not taken off), and yet the number theory was of prime importance to the mathematicians, its study was considered pure. By the end of 1970s, the situation had drastically changed.The various technicalities involved in the message system and their readings gave a shot in the arm for cryptography. It became a much sought after subject and millions of dollars were invested into the development of this subject. The demand for expertise in this area became tremendous.The book is a treat to read for the simple reason that it is a great human story as well, a success story, a management and pubic relation story etc. The way she prepared for the competitions would set the standard for any youngster who wishes to be an achiever.What a careful and great teacher her father was! The concepts of teaching itself have undergone metamorphic changes, and mathematics is no exception. The style of teaching has become more student-friendly.As for Sarah, her mathematician father was her gr eat career-asset. But her mother also continuously encouraged her by telling interesting anecdotes about the subject. ‘Mathematics is the queen of the sciences and number theory is the queen of mathematics.’ Such sweet nothings said about the subject during formative years of a young girl had great positive impact on her.Her Mom said Mathematics and the number theory was like the Sleeping Beauty Fairly Tale, and Sarah Flannery writes, â€Å"I thought about those who had toiled away through the centuries at unraveling the mysteries of this subject, motivated by nothing more than a passionate desire to know. They could have hardly dreamt of the applications that some of their results would one day find.I wondered what it was they had discovered, and what they would think if they could see how some of these discoveries are now being used. I was eager to learn the subject and surmise for myself whether they would be surprised or not.†But everything about the number t heory is not all that sweet. It is a deceptive theory. When you think that you are on the verge of success, you are suddenly knocked out by a lethal punch. The simple questions that you will ask your Professor may look so simple to you. The same questions were asked by many brilliant students in the past. The answers to such questions have not been found until this day, and the most intelligent ones are raking their brains to find out the solutions.But the toughest obstacle lay in waiting for Sarah. The sharp attacks on the Cayley-Purser algorithm arrived with Michael Purse alerts, making her mathematical advancement difficult. Sarah was on the defensive; she made efforts to repair the algorithm, but could not succeed. She stated that it is not salvageable as a workable encryption system.The theoretical interest stood in her favor through this testing time. She included a postscript explanation on the successful attack. It brought her further success when she was conferred the title of European Young Scientist of the Year for 1999. They say, â€Å"When the going gets tough, the tough gets going!†It is very easy to say that Sarah climbed the stage to receive the award. But behind this glorious moment in the life of this sports-loving teenager from Blarney in Country Cork, Ireland, lay the extraordinary talent and matching efforts of relentless research and discoveries in Internet cryptography.At the age of sixteen to get the international recognition and to be hailed as â€Å"brilliant† by the London Times, is no ordinary achievement. Newspapers and periodicals hailed it as â€Å"a wonderfully moving story about the thrill of the mathematical chase† (Nature) and â€Å"a paean to intellectual adventure† (Times Educational Supplement).The dinner-time conversation with her father led her to the hall of fame. Her burning curiosity, the inner joy of persistence paid off handsomely. What is the meaning of the wise saying, â€Å"Have a wil l to grow and grow you will!†Ã¢â‚¬â€ask Sarah! David Flannery lectures on mathematics at Ireland’s Cork Institute of Technology. Sarah Flannery is now a student at Cambridge University.Some shortcomings of the book†¦.To say that it is the combination of a set of two books, would not be a far-fetched criticism on the book. Two narrative segments of the book, at the beginning and the end, do not serve the actual cause for which the book stands for. The 150 pages, though there is no doubting the merit of the contents, it is right thing at the wrong place. It makes the tough and prolonged reading, and causes obstruction in understanding the life of Sarah in a systematic, chronological order.The book goes on an aim-less wandering, and it defeats the structure of the book. But those who do not like mathematics intensely, for those who are not the serious students of the subject, these 150 pages are a good read! However, this can not be considered as the serious lapse of the book, but the professional critics of this literature, would not like to miss this   point, as a matter of their duty.The mathematical exposition part of it is flawless in contents and style. The beginning holds the interest of the common reader as well. The elementary examination of the prime numbers is detailed. The idea of primality about Mersenne primes, the Sieve of Eratosthenes and also primalaity testing are the important topics.Then is the chapter on Modular arithmetic, Fermat’s Little Theorem, and pseudo primes. For complete understanding of the RSA algorithm, the last two of these three mathematical chapters are necessary. But they can be avoided by those who are desirous of the elementary feel for public-key cryptography.The author has no problem with the English language, the exposition and style of writing is lucid. In fine, Sarah has given a very interesting book. The theme of the book and the author’s attitude towards the theme of mathematics, bot h evoke and sustain curiosity. The book deserves an outstanding position not only for the awards that it brought to Sarah, but also for the real contribution   it made to the cause of mathematics, for all time to come.There is something uniqueness about the book. Some more remarkable books should be expected from Sarah’s pen. The author has dealt with the topic in an excellent manner and the contents of the book gain stature, without losing its ground and reality. The book is the creation of the child, with father’s blessings. What more is required for the child and what does a father expect from the child? Both see the fulfillment of their respective mathematical missions through this book.When a child gives the account of her experiences that ultimately led her to great heights of success, the reader’s interest is all the more, for the simple reason that every parent wishes to visualize and  Ã‚   aspires for the success of their children.From the point of view of human psychology and management principles that lead to success, this book is the torchbearer. Her thoughts are playful, yet never missing the mathematical purpose of the book.The number of high school students who enjoy mathematics is not very high and many do the subject, as they have to do as it is the unavoidable subject up to a certain level. But an introduction and interaction with this book should change their perspective.Many may not be lucky enough get a mathematics genius Professor-father. In the case of Sarah, her pastime of solving the mathematical puzzles with her father paid her rich dividends. It started as a game and slowly turned into a thrill of the mathematical chase. Nothing succeeds like success and one good thing in her life, led to the other.A great lesson for the psychologists and sociologists who study the parental impact on the life and future of children! But for the encouragement and influence of her mathematician father, Sarah would have been yet another university student, pursuing the syllabus-oriented degrees for a routine career.Conclusion:God made the natural numbers, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 0 and what all ‘complications’ the human being has created under the subject-banner mathematics! But for becoming the mathematician, Sarah would have been a storyteller.The art comes naturally to her. She has dealt with a highly intellectual subject, without any pretensions, without the sense of overbearing. At times, the writing takes the serious turn, but that is what the subject matter is. Her childlike descriptions maintain the essential dignity. If she tries her hand at other subjects of writing, we may be in for surprises.That’s what her imagination, wit and charm throughout the book reveal. â€Å"In Code†, has the makings of a very good novel and her pen holds out great promises for even better works. It is a twice-blessed book. Primarily it is a book on mathematics, and more importantly it is an int eresting book of human endeavor, the human spirit, the book on positive qualities like grit and determination. Few children are lucky to have such great upbringing.The black board in the kitchen truly speaks about the studious family. She and her four brothers made it the perfect class at home, and mostly issues related to mathematics were discussed at the dining table. At lunch, the distraction would be not be like the television set in the modern drawing room, but the attractions were puzzles appearing on the blackboard days after day, without intermission. David Flannery had a clear purpose about the puzzles.They encouraged the children into enjoying abstract reasoning. But do no imagine, Sarah liked all these intensely. She was not a book worm. She liked to ride horses, played hurling and basketball, did boating and liked other adventurous team sports.She carried that adventurous spirit to her mathematics research as well.So to say, Sarah was a philanthropist mathematician and d id not possess any motivated desires about her accomplishments. Mathematical community offered the talented Sarah all co-operations. Experts in the field of cryptology were eager to help her.Initial reactions to her code system, was that it was patentable and she had the possibilities of becoming the millionaire. The exchange of vital information with other mathematicians could have damaged her interest for financial gains. Yet, she shared the information bearing in mind the overall interest of mathematics.She was only 17, when she was a guest speaker at an IBM leadership conference for women. Sarah was also given an invitation to attend the Nobel Prize ceremonies in Stockholm. To write an interesting readable book on mathematics, normally considered a dry and brain-racking subject is no mean achievement. She has set the trend for the budding young scientists, and great scholars in any subject need not be men and women with silver hair.The book provides to all concerned, the parents , the teachers and above all the combustible younger generation, who wish to achieve something in life, but do not know the correct procedures and steps to achieve very valuable information. Sarah provides good solutions to one’s ambitions and the way to achieve them.This makes the book even greater, than her contribution to cryptography. Bertrand Russell once talked about ‘the silent beauty’ of mathematics. Sarah has demonstrated how the skills of the mathematician and the skills of the fiction & fantasy writer can be clubbed together to create an outstanding contribution to the world of literature. Here is the combination of great human experience mixed with intellectual stuff. It is very easy to record and offer her congratulations for all that she achieved at the young age of 16.But think of the hard work she did, the relentless pressure she was able to endure at such a young age, and all this she did at the same time enjoying and pursuing her hobbies. So, if you have young children, and do not have many ideas as to how to inspire them, give this book to them—it would be more appropriate if the parents read and discuss the contents of this book for their benefit. The results are bound to be far fetching as for their future. The contents of the book have the lessons in ‘moral counseling’ as well.The application of cryptography has caught up fast with the internet revolution. Many of the big companies are willing to sponsor researches and Sarah is eminently suited to take advantage of this situation. Her achievements have changed her perspective of life. The career opportunities that arrive at her doors are perhaps too much for her to handle. She has traveled to important destinations all over the world, met cryptography figureheads like Ronald Rivest and Whitfield Diffey. But the best is yet to come, and Sarah Flannery knows it well.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  References Cited:In Code: A Mathematical Journey (Paperback)by Sarah Flannery (Author), David Flannery (Author}Paperback: 352 pagesPublisher: Algonquin Books (December 30, 2002)Language: EnglishISBN-10: 1565123778ISBN-13: 978-1565123779PlanetMath: Sarah Flanneryplanetmath.org/encyclopedia/SarahFlannery.html – 19k – Cached, Retrieved on January29,2008

Lithography Essay - 766 Words

Lithography This process uses a flat aluminium printing plate and works on the principle that oil and water do not mix. The image is transferred onto the plate photographically through ultra-violet light shining through a negative. The plate is then washed with a chemical that makes the image area attractive to the oily ink. The non-image area is later dampened with water to repel the ink. To lengthen the life of the printing plate and prevent the paper becoming damp through contact with the water, a rubber blanket transfers the ink from the plate to the paper. This is called offset lithography and is used for most commercial printing such as books, magazines, brochures etc. If rolls of paper†¦show more content†¦Limited edition fine art prints and postage stamps can be done this way but are reflected in the high costs. * 4 colours (process colours) - black, cyan, magenta and yellow - are used to build up all other colours and tones. * Excellent for half tones. * Economical for between 500,000 and 5,000,000 copies. * High quality can be achieved. Letterpress This type of printing is much less common these days but is still economical for small print runs. It uses a raised surface for printing off, usually made of aluminium sheet. The ink is rolled onto the plate and this is transferred directly to the paper. The quality is very good but the range of available type is very limited. It is used for items such as invitation cards, and short runs of books. * Colours generally limited to one or two ready mixed colours. * Economical for between 500 and 5,000 copies. * High quality in terms of sharpness. * Limited typefaces available. * Used mainly for text only - not suitable for half tone illustrations. Flexography This is similar to letterpress in that it uses raised images but they are made from a rubber or plastic sheet. The flexibility of the plate means that it is particularly suitable for printing on to plastic film, corrugated card etc. and is extensively used for both plastic and paper carrier bags.Show MoreRelatedThe Album Of La Revue Blanche1585 Words   |  7 Pagesprint culture, but also a beautiful case-study in the techniques developed by leading artists in the realm of fine art lithography. It is the goal of this exhibit to explore the place of the graphic arts in early modern art through the example of this journal, and to examine more closely the stylistic hallmarks of the lithograph in a more detailed way. Lithography: Method Lithography is planographic printing process that makes use of the immiscibility of grease and water. In the lithographic processRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Principle 977 Words   |  4 Pagesthat depicts a sad laughing clown. The lithograph seems like it takes place in a large bare room with the clown bust gazing up and to the right of the room as if is pondering or thinking and has been for a very long time which gives the bust like lithography life. The Principle, was published in 1919 on cream, smooth, Japanese woven paper. Was published by Verlag Gustav Kiepenheuer from Berlin with the theme of death and war with political. The art work has blood splatter all over it, especially fromRead MoreGujarati : English : Calligraphic Form1326 Words   |  6 Pagesprinting by lithography became popular in India. Excellent lithographic stones found locally made it economical and it reproduced the scribal hand easier for the majority to read than letterpress. The lithographic presses worthy to mention were, the Greenway family’s press at Kanpur(l830), the Bombay Government Lithographic Press(1824) and George Jervis’s Press at Poona(1830)1. Gujarati : hand cast form This section will describe the expansion of Gujarati press from calligraphy to lithography to typesettingRead MorePhotolithography Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesThese alternative patterning techniques are collectively referred to as soft lithography. Although photolithography is well developed and effective in patterning inorganic semiconductor devices, its utilization of solvents limits its applicability to perovskites. Standard photoresist developers attack organic constitutes of perovskites, causing decomposition to occur before films can be effectively patterned. Soft lithography techniques have shown limited capabilities to pattern perovskite films. Read MoreOptical Properties Of Thick Metal Nanohole Arrays1326 Words   |  6 Pages2. Optical properties of thick†¨metal nanohole arrays fabricated†¨by electron-beam and nanosphere lithography. INTRODUCTION Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through nanohole arrays has been concentrated broadly in several aspects, including the hypothesis and confirmation of its origin parameters influencing its intensity, the optical properties, for example like its transmission spectra and divergence. Several parameters including the refractive index of the medium on the metal film surfaceRead MoreA Report On Additive Manufacturing1515 Words   |  7 Pagescategorized into â€Å"Top down† and â€Å"Bottom up† configurations. The second criterion is light source type. As mentioned previously, both laser beam and mask projection pattern can be used as light source, and they are the so-called â€Å"Laser lithography† and â€Å"photo-mask lithography†[2]. Details of â€Å"Top down† and â€Å"Bottom up† configurations are introduced first. In â€Å"Top down† configuration, every layer is built on resin surface then the elevator sinks a layer thickness into resin bath for following model layersRead MoreThe Age of Poster: Pictorial Poster 774 Words   |  3 PagesThe main focus point of Chà ©ret’s poster ‘Folies-Bergere, La Loà ¯e Fuller 1893, (Figure 1) is an American dancer and display capture another classic Chà ©ret woman dancing cabaret culture of passion and emotional abilities examples of Paris . colored lithography Chà ©ret skills let him to express in a variety of silk garments Fuller wore light the lamp shades found in a black background , she seems to spin out of darkness , which is a typical Chà ©ret composition, dancing women at the forefront , the smallestRead MoreCircus Posters of P.T. Barnum and The Ringling Brothers1154 Words   |  5 Pagesid=45831section=45825. Strobridge Lithography Company. P.t. Barnums Greatest Show On Earth The Great London Circus / The Only And Original Lulu: In His Original Gigantic Straight-up Jump. N.d. Circus Posters, Cincinnati. Cincinnati Art Museum. Web. 4 Feb. 2014. Strobridge Lithography Company. Ringling Bros / The 9 Jordans / The Incomparable Clarkonians. N.d. Circus Posters, Cincinnati. Cincinnati Art Museum. Web. 4 Feb. 2014. The Gaylord Oscar Shepherd Collection of Strobridge Lithography Company CalendarRead MoreThe Initiation Of 3 D Printing1038 Words   |  5 Pages transforming them into efficient, accurate and cost effective activity. As discussed in introduction about types of 3-D printers and variety of industries where they can be used, explanations regarding these aspects are as follows: i. STEREO LITHOGRAPHY (SLA) ii. FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING iii. SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS) iv. MULTI-JET MODELLING (MJM) v. VFLASH PRINTER vi. FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION (FFF) OR FUSED DEPOSTION MODELLING (FDM) Fundamentals of all types of printers stated aboveRead MoreWhale Printing Case Study1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor issue in the case is Manpower. The job involved skilled people whereas the company just had 3 people in its lithography department, in which copy was converted to plates for the press. Also, the company had two big jobs scheduled for the week for regular customers and taking up Salter’s offer would put added pressure and would make it difficult for the people in the lithography department to handle everything together as their capability was limited. Although, they had capacity to handle Salter’s

Essay about The Research on Bipolar Disorder - 1673 Words

The human brain is a very complex system, much like a city it strives for order and efficiency. However a patient with Bipolar Disorder has a very chaotic type of brain function; causing changes in mood and sometimes suicidal thoughts Bipolar Disorder is a common psychiatric mood disorder that is defined by recurrent episodes of abnormally elevated mood and depression, changes in energy and, the ability to carry out day to day tasks. (Joel, Jakosson and colleges) â€Å"Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic disease with high risk of relapse. This disease also results in a high rate of suicidal mortality.† (Sabrina, Paterniti and Jean-Claude Bisserbe) Many studies show that this disorder is genetic therefore it runs in families, passing down†¦show more content†¦They also check through the patient’s medical history, and finally have them take a physiological test. â€Å"Psychiatrists require the person to answer multiple-choice questions or explain the meaning s of drawings and pictures. Responses to test items may reveal a lot about the persons behavior and moods. †(Peacock, Judith) When diagnosing BD a psychiatrist also has to go off of experience and training, which is why many patients can go several years before being properly diagnosed. (Peacock, Judith) Doctors don’t completely understand what causes BD, but experts believe that it is caused by unbalanced Neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals produced by the brain and they work in conjunction with hormones to carry out all of the body’s essential functions. â€Å"Noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine are the three main chemicals that are thought to be responsible for BD. (WebMD) Noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine, is a neurotransmitter and a hormone. Noradrenaline is used in the brain to regulate attention, sleep, learning, and emotions. It also plays an important role in regulating the body’s stress response, regulating normal functions such as heart rate and regulating the bodies fight or flight response. It is â€Å"secreted by the adrenal medualla glands, and is produced by the nerve endings in theShow MoreRelatedResearch on Bipolar Disorder626 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿My research focus is on bipolar disorder. I found at least two dissertations that dealt with the matter. The first is Lauren Teresa DiPaula (2009) A chaotic companion: writers and writing with bipolar disorder. Dissertation. Indiana University of Pennsylvania (http://dspace.iup.edu/bitstream/handle/2069/181/Lauren%20DiPaula%20Corrected.pdf?sequence=1) Her theme was the following: The writer conducted a thorough literatuer review of bipolar disorder supplementing that with qualitative researchRead MoreBipolar Disorder: A Research3143 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Bipolar Disorder: Introduction Bipolar disorder is a disorder of the brain and is also called manic-depressive illness. Due to this disorder, the affected individual experiences abnormal mood shifts, unusual levels of energy and activities and atypical ability to perform tasks of daily life. As far as symptoms of bipolar disorder are concerned, they are rather severe in nature. They are not like the usual ups and downs experienced by people once in a while. Bipolar disorder has been found to causeRead MoreThe Importance Of A Research On Bipolar Disorder1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Mice Research in Understanding Bipolar Disorder Introduction This presentation will be discussing the contributions non-human animal research has made to the field of psychology while focusing on developments in bipolar research. It will begin with an exploration of three research examples that used mice to make discoveries relevant to bipolar disorder. Then my presentation will acknowledge the ethical concerns behind non-human animal research. Next, my presentation will go intoRead MoreBipolar Disorder Research Paper709 Words   |  3 Pageswith many flaws. For a person living with bipolar disorder, everyday life can potentially be a coin flip: how you are one day may be very different than how you are on another. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), nearly six (6) million adult Americans are affected by bipolar disorder (â€Å"About†). A major obstacle for those dealing with Bipolar can be a lack of help. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), Bipolar disorder has been deemed the most expensive behavioralRead MoreCurrent Research On Bipolar Disorder II2570 Words   |  11 PagesCurrent Research on Bipolar Disorder II Shannon J. Oliveira American School of Professional Psychology Psychopathology Fall 2014 Current Research on Bipolar Disorder II The following is a review of recent peer reviewed research articles in the field of psychology contributing to new information on the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome measures for Bipolar Disorder II (BDII). First, you will find a description of the diagnostic presentation of BDII, followed by the corresponding results of the researchRead MoreClinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder950 Words   |  4 PagesSummary of Clinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a life-impacting condition that is often chronic, creates significant impairment, and is marked by a cycling between depressive and manic episodes. These episodes are manifested by unusual and extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and behaviors that interfere with executive functioning (Wilkinson, Taylor, Holt, 2002). Divided into two levels of diagnosis; Bipolar I Disorder is defined by the occurrenceRead MoreThe Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder, Annotated Bibliography854 Words   |  4 PagesTHE LINK BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND BIPOLAR DISORDER The Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder Creativity is related with bipolar disorder is a popular assumption. The fact that many creative people, including Van Gogh, Ernest Hemingway, Leo Tolstoy, and Sylvia Plath, suffered from some kind of mental disorders triggers that idea. Psychologists have been interested in this contingent link for decades. In this paper, after defining both terms, I examine three articles that reportRead MoreTreatment For Middle Aged African American Women With Bipolar Disorder849 Words   |  4 Pageswomen with bipolar disorder What is it? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by drastic mood swings ranging from immense euphoria to extreme depression. People with bipolar disorder are likely to experience a lack of energy, participation in normal social activities, and the ability to complete daily routines. This can cause interpersonal relationships and work-life to suffer. They may also have strong thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide as a result of bipolar disorder. The causeRead MoreThe Dsm 5 : Bipolar And Related Disorders1693 Words   |  7 PagesThe DSM-5(2013) section on Bipolar and related disorders includes diagnoses for Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder, bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, other specified bipolar and related disorder and unspecified bipolar and related disorder there is no classification for pediatric or early onset bipolar disorder. Though there is the foll owing statement â€Å"the recognition that many individualsRead MoreBipolar, A State Of Sadness, And Mania1313 Words   |  6 PagesShifts of moods and behaviors are normal but when exceeding the time frame of when those shifts last it can cause a disorder. A disorder known as Bipolar. Bipolar is concluded to be alternating periods of depression and mania. Depression, being, a state of sadness, and mania, a state of high energy in which a person seems capable of taking over the world. These symptoms of bipolar ultimately lead to the question of what causes people to be in depressed or manic. Can a time of mania ultimately cause

The Klux Klan And The Civil Rights Era - 1585 Words

Racism isn’t born, it’s created. The Ku Klux Klan is a group of people who believe that any race other than white is beneath them. Throughout history they time and time again show their true colors, while still claiming to be Christians. From the start of the Klan, to the Civil Rights Era, even to today, the Klan has been a well-known group revolving around hate, racism, and bigotry. The Klan began in 1866, in Pulaski, Tennessee. Just after the Civil War ended former confederate soldiers put together a secret social fraternity type group, which quickly expanded in to â€Å"a paramilitary force bent on reversing the federal government’s progressive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South. (history.com staff) Whites were nervous and fearful that the former slaves would vote â€Å"in self-serving â€Å"carpet baggers† into political offices†. (history.com staff) Whites quickly commenced to taking anger out on the blacks and black supporters of their towns. Once they began their view of violence there could be no end .After the Klan’s fast expansion they decided to get all of the groups together in April of 1867 to decide rules and leadership. Masked by their perception of white superiority they executed acts of violence and racial terrorism. These acts lead to the unfortunate deaths of many innocents, it was completely wrong and unne cessary for there to be this much hate and violence at this time. The Klan s first Grand Wizard was General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Nathan tried to disbandShow MoreRelatedThe Klan s Organized Terrorism1114 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan had three eras, an era ends when the Ku Klux Klan movement dies out or they loss the need for it. Each era may have its own intentions or what their main goal is, but white supremacy is still their goal just trying to accomplish it in different ways, while also opposing thing that may go against their moral code, like gay marriage. The Ku Klux Klan is an origination focused on having white supremacy, it has existed for many years and has had three eras, it is most known for its actRead MoreFollowing The Defeat Of The Confederacy In 1865, Nathan790 Words   |  4 Pageswounded four separate times himself.1 The Ku Klux Klan was already in existence when they offered him a position of command in the fight against reconstruction and corruption t hat came with it. Forrest held the title of â€Å"Grand Wizard†, but would eventually disbanded the Klan due to excessive violence that countered efforts to secure southern rights within the Union. At the end of the Civil War, Nathan B. Forrest was faced with the brutal reconstruction era that followed the end of the War. ForrestRead MoreReconstruction’s Failure to Bring Social and Economic Equality625 Words   |  3 PagesThe Reconstruction Era lasted up to 1877 from the time just after the Civil War. The Reconstruction failed to bring about social and economic equality to the former slaves due to the southern whites’ resentful and bitter outlook on the matter, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Jim Crow laws. After the Civil War, the southern whites were extremely resentful and bitter. In 1865 the southern states began issuing â€Å"black codes,† which were laws made subsequent to the Civil War that had the effect of limitingRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan And The Klan820 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan has massively reduced by 1927. While it peaked from having over 3 million members in 1925, it had no more than several hundred thousand in 1927. Night riding of the Klan led to at least 50 people getting flogged during a two year period. Outcries of the populace of Georgia and the Carolinas brought arrests and convictions of the Klan. Therefore, the Klan was forced to retreat. The Klan endured other handicap when local Klan in the North chapters began to develop ties with AmericanRead MoreThe End Of The Reconstruction1318 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1860’s there was an Era that started called the reconstruction. The main purpose for the reconstruction was to give African-American people full political and civil equality. However, it was very tough to do this, especially since most white in the south didn’t want the African-Americans to have the same rights as themselves. During this Era there were multiple good things that happened, yet, there were also many bad things that happened. For instance, during the reconstruction the 14th amendmentRead MoreThe Civil War Left A Big Impact On The Social And Economic Life1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war left a big impact on the social and economic life in the southern states, the reconstruction period was a time of anger for the south. They lost slavery and supply s which was a big factor in their economic wealth. They knew that these freed slaves would try to rise up as equals to this poor white class. This is where the biggest American terrorist group in history stated in 1866, with only six ex confederate soldiers. This group call themselves the ku klux klan, their numbers fromRead MoreThe Civil War Of African Americans1010 Words   |  5 Pagesmeant absolutely nothing, to a word that stood for an individual’s highest commodity. After the civil war, emancipation for slaves transformed from a dream to a reality. Although the civil war finally ended in 1865 after four years of fighting, certain citizens and groups across the nation still remained in a state if disagreement with the freedom granted to African Americans. The years after the civil war revolutionized many principles that are the basis of regulations constituted in today’s societyRead MoreThe Ku Klux Kl A Brief History1096 Words   |  5 Pages THE KU KLUX KLAN: A BRIEF HISTORY Elizabeth Shanholtz History of Terrorism 333-001 November 10, 2015 â€Æ' The Ku Klux Klan In today’s world, Americans would like to classify our country as a â€Å"Melting Pot,† meaning that all people, of all cultures and backgrounds blend together and make one homogenous society. While this concept is not entirely true, it holds some aspects that help make this country so great. It gives the idea that everyone is equal and everyone receives the same opportunitiesRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan During World War I1551 Words   |  7 Pages and new attitudes will always have opposition. The Ku Klux Klan, which had died out in the 1870s, rose again to combat the turmoil that the nation was experiencing during World War I. The group came out resilient and often deadly, and members had influence in the United States that had not been witnessed before. Therefore, the second Ku Klux Klan that emerged during World War I was much more powerful than its former manifestation. The Klan arose because of social changes such as the increasing amountRead More Ku Klux Klan Essa y1445 Words   |  6 Pages The Ku Klux Klan nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the southern states of the USA, the period known as â€Å"Reconstruction† created a pressure and fear and hate for the African Americans among many of the southern white people. This was because the African Americans were now free people and had the same rights as the white people. This angered many white people and they created groups to support their beliefs and to allow people with the same ideas to gather together and share their ideas. This is

SMEs Internationalization and Strategy System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the SMEs Internationalization and Strategy System. Answer: Introduction The achievement of the organization aims and objectives are in most case affected significantly by the general international business environments and the conditions existing in particular countries where the organization wants to venture (Verbeke et al. 2014, p. 251). This makes it important for the organization to consider how the business environment impacts its internalization business decisions. This study seeks to provide an understanding of the strategies employed by the VADs (IT Company) in Malaysia for analyzing and engaging China as a foreign market. It focuses on the theoretical framework that a company needs to adapt to successfully venture into the foreign market, various market entry models, potential risks in the market, management responses, as well as recommendations that can be adopted by the company for effective operation in the foreign market. VADs is an integrated connecting ICT and BPO Company solutions provider in Malaysia that was established in 1991 and currently acts as a wholly owned subsidiary of Malaysian TM Berhad. It aims at bringing people together as well as business processes and technologies in a bid to enable more effective and dynamic use of ICT and BPO, and the company is the only service provider in the country that can offer end to end solutions as well as management services to the country business enterprise. It has already found its way to the foreign market by offering their services to other global business markets through partnerships with other companies as well as through establishing their company outlets in those countries (Alccer et al. 2016, p. 502). This is helpful as will help us understand how or some of the strategies the company or organization employed for analyzing and engaging in foreign markets. Theoretical framework and concepts for entry into foreign markets Foreign markets are characterized by some aspects which differ from one nation to another, and a successful venture into the markets calls for business owners to have an understanding of the customs and business etiquette of the foreign market. The company also needs to gather the historical data on the currency, value fluctuations, as well as import and export timelines in China and have an understanding of the countrys laws governing businesses in the country. The company thus required adopting a focus group to enable them to test the business environment in the prospective international markets as well as finding out their competitive advantages from other competitors in the same market (Laursen 2015, p. 106). To understand the engagement of VADs IT Company with the foreign market, it is important to understand some of the theoretical framework governing the decision to internationalize a business. In this case, we look at the theory of competitive advantage by David Richardo as well as the theory of factor endowment by Heckscher as guiding theories to international markets. The theory of competitive advantage provides that if a country or a business organization specializes in the production of goods and services whose production has a comparative advantage, it can better trade with other business organizations or countries than its competitors. Trading in foreign markets will then be better since the total output of goods produced from the company resources will have grown (Alcceret al. 2016, p. 510). This theory is very important as it helps the business organizations analyze the foreign business environment and make investment decisions based on the comparative nature of the advantages . VADs Company will, therefore, invest or venture in countries or foreign markets in which it has a comparative advantage in the provision of IT solutions and services in. On the other hand, the factor endowment theory by Heckscher-Ohlin also provides important aspects of engaging in foreign trade by arguing that business specialization will occur in industries where inputs are available at relatively low cost because of their abundance in supply. It is therefore important for the business organizations or companies to take into account the resource costs factor, if the resources for offering IT services are low in a certain country then the company can engage in that market and also by taking into account other factors affecting the foreign markets. Understanding the different models of entry into foreign markets by VADs IT Company A business organization or company will need to adopt an effective business model that works for them or provides an opportunity for the organization to achieve its aims and objectives. Some of the commonly used business models for entry into foreign markets include; an entry through direct and indirect export and import, entry through foreign direct investments, entry through franchising and licensing as well as joint venture and strategic alliances. The understanding of these models will help us understand the model that was employed by the VADs (IT Company) to get entry into the foreign markets, being a Malaysian based business organization (Verbeke et al. 2016, p. 85). A direct and indirect exporting and importing entry into foreign market involves a direct relationship between the exporting or importing business organization and the international suppliers or customers. The model has been said to provide a straightforward way of benefiting from foreign markets. However, it is al so believed to carry some significant risks especially when the organization depends on few customers or suppliers. However, in most cases, many business organizations have always combined this model with other models such as the foreign direct investments and foreign joint venture. Therefore it is mostly applicable where the company enjoys wide network coverage of customer or supplier base. The company however in addition to application of these models has a strategic business model that has been used to guide the company in achieving its set goals and objectives. The model outlines the strategies employed in to capture the IT industry through creation of telecom infrastructure, partnering with telecom companies as well as providing value added services to their clients. The model also outlines the corporate structure of the company, the business activities which outline the main services provided by the company as well as the functional component of the company which outlines the different departmental as well as managerial functions and relationships. The model also shows the company sustainable competitive advantage. Entry into the foreign markets can also be through foreign direct investments which can be defined as the objective of business entity in one economy by obtaining a lasting interest in a certain enterprise resident in another economy. However, this type of foreign market entry requires some degree of management control as it involves other trade governing policies. Entry into the foreign market can also be done through licensing and franchising in which these terms are used to imply a contractual agreement whereby a license or franchiser obtains a license or franchise in using the intellectual property in return for a financial gain (Johanson Mattsson, 2015, p. 122). In most cases, organizations use this model as a quick strategy that is relatively low to risks in international expansion. The most important is an entry into the foreign market through joint ventures and strategic alliances. It is a strategy that has effectively been adopted by VADs in achieving its current success in Global IT Industry. It has been achieved through collaborative business strategies with many foreign partners. Joint ventures are business agreement between business organizations involving a joint equity control and ownership of the business. A strategic alliance occurs through a non-equity cooperative agreement between two or more independent business organizations with a motive of gaining an effective competitive advantage through business cooperation in research and development, business production, as well as marketing and purchasing (Yan and Luo, 2016, p. 2). It has been the best strategy that the VADs IT Company has used to venture into foreign markets through partnerships with other international business organizations offering integrated connectivity/ ICT/BPO solutions to differen t parts of the world. Some of their partner business organizations include; Cisco Company, the Blue Coat Company, McAfee Company, the IBM Company, HP Software Company, Lenovo as well as the Microsoft and Oracle IT Global companies among others. All these partner companies have their networks in other different markets as well as their country of establishment. Such partnerships have provided the company with great competitive advantage and provided an easy strategy for entering into foreign markets (Dunning, 2014, p. 2). Since these partner companies have been established in different countries, they help each other in understanding the needs of the market of a specific country and venture the market collectively. It also reduces the costs associated with establishing different businesses and also provides a wide network of client coverage and engagement through the provision of quality Integrated connectivity, ICT as well as BPO services globally. Analysis of actual or potential risks in the foreign market Having established its foreign markets through partnerships with other global organizations or companies in the IT industry, VADs IT Company is facing a threat of actual or existing risks as well as potential risks. These need to be taken into account and addressed if the company has to achieve its primary motives of profitability, international recognition, and business growth as well as have a competitive advantage. Some of these risks have been looked at in the above section of the factors affecting an organizations decision to enter into a foreign market (Cavusgil et al. 2014, p. 11). The most common actual as well as potential risks include the different political and economic stability as any instability resulting from these renders the environment unsuitable for investments and business growth. Although these factors are not constant and keep on changing it is important that the management of the organizations takes them seriously. It is also important for them to analyze the government business regulations and monitoring and these include the policies governing business activities and general trading policies (Toulova et al. 2015, p. 8). If the regulations and policies are favorable then the there is an opportunity for growth. There is also the risk associated with labor market difficulties which have been high due to the increasing demand of IT experts in different economies, and therefore the company should take into consideration this risk and get to understand the labor market dynamics in the foreign countries. The company is also facing the risks of cultural pitfalls where some communities in the country are still using traditional systems of production or are resistant to any technological advancement which makes it difficult for the company to venture into such markets. It is opposed to its expansion in Germany where they use specific technologies in their production or service provision (Gnizy et al. 2014, p. 483). There is also a risk of currency instability and exchange restrictions where the latter is not common as compared to the former, but all currency instability can be controlled through effective monetary of fiscal decisions however the risk of exchange restrictions may have negative implications for the growth of the business. Management Responses intended for the foreign market Gnizy et al. (2014) point out that building a market entry requires effective participation and support from the management of a company. Time is a crucial factor that comes with the need for an intelligence system to ensure all other management processes such as operational functions, supply chain, logistics, cross-cultural and market issues, and human resource functions are all coordinated by the policies of the market and objectives of the company. For instance, the company has carried out large investments through promotion campaigns across the big cities in China to ensure many people are aware of the company and the services it offers in the country. Considering the cultural differences, the company has offered marketing job opportunities to the Chinese community who can effectively translate the business in their language that is understandable to the rest of China, an aspect that is aimed at limiting language barrier. Access to the markets is also an important factor in making an entry into a foreign market decision. The management of any business organization will be interested in taking the opportunity of the existing large and emerging markets in that specific country as well as the access to a certain regional trading area. For effective decision making it is recommended for the company to conduct a SWOT analysis comparing other different countries including Germany, Japan and South Africa. Compared to China, these countries have been known to have great competition in the information technology industry as they are known to use specific technologies in their businesses and therefore the technological culture in the countries is conservative as it is in the case of Germany. Compared to the economy of china these countries are growing at a slow rate and therefore may not provide enough market for the VADs IT Company to sell is products and services. Hence the company will enjoy large economies of scale in china. There are also strict business regulation policies and rules as compared to China where the policies are convenient to investors including having favorable tax policies. This will therefore help the organization to gain first mover advantages as well as increased competition in China since it has a comparative advantage in the production of certain technologically related goods and services (Galiani et al. 2014, p. 130). It is also important to evaluate the business access to human resources since they form important aspects of the business. The company has ensured that the resources can be acquired at a relatively low cost making the market suitable at it will relate to low production cost and high-profit margin for the business. Recommendations for achieving a competitive advantage in China The success of entry into a foreign market is dependent on the suitability of the market (Verbeke et al. 2014, p. 428). The suitability of the market also differs from one business organizations as the decision to enter a certain foreign market is dependent on other factors. An analysis of some of these factors will help us get an understanding of how suitable is the VADs Berhard IT Company can expand in China as a foreign market. The most underlying factors, in this case, include primary business motives, the changing international environments, the country specific factors, access to market factors, access to resources as well as the cost reduction factors affecting the Chinese market. Every business organization is driven by certain primary motives including profit making opportunities, business growth, attaining international recognition as well as having a competitive advantage. The growth of the IT industry globally has increasingly brought a lot of competition in economies by different companies which have called for effective business strategies to succeed in China (Laursen, 2015, p. 110). Having a joint venture and strategic alliances with the Chinese market can thus help the management of the VADS Berhad IT Company to achieve growth, profitability, reduce operational costs as well as gain international recognition. It is also important for the company to understand the changing international environments by looking into changes resulting from international states of China (Serrat, 2017, p. 640). It is hence recommended for the company to evaluate issues concerning peace and stability, Chinese economic growth in compassion to other emerging markets, increase or reduction in trade barriers, and technological innovations in the country that can support the business. The process will help the organization to prepare itself effectively by conducting a cost benefit analysis of the market and taking appropriate measures. The assessment of Chinese economic growth will help the company to develop effective future strategies for the future continuity of the business. It should also understand the Chinese specific factors which may affect the entry into the foreign markets which involve looking into a country political and economic stability, the culture and business instructions, the supportive governmen t policies as well as the absence of the nuisance costs. If the political and economic environment of the country is stable, then the market is suitable for investment whereas the market will also be suitable if the culture of the country as well as of the business institution supports the use of IT in its business activities (Gnizy et al. 2014, p. 491). Favorable government policies such as tax reduction, removal of import and export quotas, import tariffs, and conducive business environment also make China an ideal market for investment. If these costs are high or the policies do not support the foreign investments, then the market becomes unsuitable. Conclusion Engaging with foreign markets has not always been easy for many businesses; however, with the many available opportunities, many business organizations are seeking for opportunities to go international. It is therefore important for each business to develop effective strategies for analyzing and engaging with the international markets through having an understanding of the foreign business environments as well as the international trading guidelines and principles which will give them a competitive as well as a comparative advantage in the foreign markets. It therefore important that the organizations develop effective business models for entry into the foreign markets which will help them achieves its primary goals and objectives. List of References Alccer, J., Cantwell, J. and Piscitello, L., 2016. Internationalization in the information age: A new era for places, firms, and international business networks?. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(5), pp.499-512. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. Rose, E.L., 2014. International business.Pearson Australia. Dunning, J.H., 2014. The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Galiani, S., Schofield, N. and Torrens, G., 2014.Factor Endowments, Democracy, and Trade Policy Divergence. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 16(1), pp.119-156. Gnizy, I., E. Baker, W. and Grinstein, A., 2014. Proactive learning culture: A dynamic capability and key success factor for SMEs entering foreign markets. International marketing review, 31(5), pp.477-505. Johanson, J. Mattsson, L.G., 2015. Internationalisation in industrial systemsa network approach. In Knowledge, Networks and Power (pp. 111-132). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Laursen, K., 2015. Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of international specialization, Eurasian Business Review, 5(1), pp.99-115. Serrat, O., 2017. Learning in strategic alliances.In Knowledge Solutions (pp. 639-647).Springer Singapore. Toulova, M., Votoupalova, M. Kubickova, L., 2015. Barriers of SMEs internationalization and strategy for success in foreign markets. International Journal of Management Cases, 17(1), pp.4-19. Verbeke, A. Kano, L, 2015. The new internalization theory and multinational enterprises from emerging economies: A business history perspective. Business History Review, 89(3), pp.415-445. Verbeke, A. Kano, L, 2016. An internalization theory perspective on the global and regional strategies of multinational enterprises. Journal of World Business, 51(1), pp.83-92. Verbeke, A., Amin Zargarzadeh, M. and Osiyevskyy, O., 2014.Internalization theory, entrepreneurship and international new ventures. Multinational Business Review, 22(3), pp.246-269. Yan, A. and Luo, Y., 2016. International joint ventures: Theory and practice. Routledge.

Life after high school free essay sample

In recent discussions of are too many people going to college A controversial issue has been whether or not students decide to go to college on their own or are they programmed to do so. More people should be going to college, not fewer(and I agree).â€Å"Universities are not intended to teach the knowledge require to fit man for some special mode of gaining their livelihood,†. According to John Stuart Mill universities do not teach children to make money, instead they are well educated and knowledgeable. On the one hand, some argue that you do not have to go to college to be successful moreover success is an achievement of something desired or planned. There are a lot of successful people who achieve their goal without having to go to college. â€Å"Jay-Z† for example made it from rags to riches without a degree or a high school diploma, which means colleges do not teach you how to make money; it prepares you for the real world. We will write a custom essay sample on Life after high school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From this prospective, I believe that college is a great place for students who are passionate about school work. In the words of Charles Murray, â€Å"Others things equal, human beings enjoy the exercise of the irrealized capacities (their innate or trained abilities), and this enjoyment increases the more the capacity is realized, or the greater its complexity,†. The probability of a student whose interpersonal and intrapersonal ability is above average being a Meat cutter is pretty low but if that student decides to become a lawyer that would be the best decision because he/she is good at reading, communicating with people and solving problems. On the one hand, however, others still argue that too many people are going to college. Nevertheless you have to take in consideration the sake of the economic development, they are actually too few people going to college. On the other hand some students are the first in their family to go to college, they make it their number one priority to go to college and be successful whatever they do. yet some people chose not to go to college or they just cannot afford it. Going to college and getting a degree is basically the admission ticket for getting a job, I  believe more students should go to college not less. College is seen as the open sesame of a good job and a desirable way for adolescences to transit to adulthood. Neither reason is as persuasive as it first appears. One of this views main proponents is a student ability and not just academic ability,(Murray). According to this view a student will pursue a career interest in what they are good at; some student are usually undecided, they dont know what their career interest is. Liberal arts education is perfect for undecided students in my point of view. In sum, then, the issue is not many people enjoy reading for hour after hour, day after day, no matter what the material maybe, and if you are going to absorb such material, you must in some sense enjoy the process. My own view is that if you have a career interest in a particular subject, take classes pertaining to your interest. I find liberal arts education quiet absurd for career-oriented students. Though I concede that if your passion lay in the field of liberals arts, dont be afraid to pursue it especially if college oriented majors makes you miserable; its whatever you want. I still maintain that college oriented major will undoubtedly give you immediate benefits. For example, When high-school graduates think that obtaining a B.A. will help them get a higher-paying job, they are only narrowly correct. Although some might object that going straight into the working world after high school is the best decision. Many believe with that experience they wouldnt need a B.A, I would reply most jobs these days require a B.A. but by obtaining a B.A doesnt normally mean you will make more than a person without a B.A. thus this is important to me because this decision can have a big impact on our life. For some of us who move on to study at a college or university, we will end of in a successful job and others will not end up in a satisfactory job. Then they are those who are talented and can use their talent to become successful.