Ma Practice Question Essay Example

Ma Practice Question Paper Practice Questions: Time Value of Money (TVM) Its Applications in Investments 1. Jose now has $500. How much would he have after 6 years if he leaves it invested at 5. 5% with annual compounding? a. $591. 09 b. $622. 20 c. $654. 95 d. $689. 42 e. $723. 89 N6 I/YR5. 5% PV$500 PMT$0 FV$689. 42 2. How much would $5,000 due in 25 years be worth today if the discount rate were 5. 5%? a. $1,067. 95 b. $1,124. 16 c. $1,183. 33 d. $1,245. 61 e. $1,311. 17 N25 I/YR5. 5% PMT$0 FV$5,000 PV$1,311. 17 3. Suppose the U. S. Treasury offers to sell you a bond for $747. 5. No payments will be made until the bond matures 5 years from now, at which time it will be redeemed for $1,000. What interest rate would you earn if you bought this bond at the offer price? a. 4. 37% b. 4. 86% c. 5. 40% d. 6. 00% e. 6. 60% N5 PV$747. 25 PMT$0 FV$1,000. 00 I/YR6. 00% 4. You sold a car and accepted a note with the following cash flow stream as your payment. What was the effective price you received for the car assum ing an interest rate of 6. 0%? Years:01234 ||||| CFs:$0$1,000$2,000$2,000$2,000 a. $5,987 b. $6,286 c. $6,600 d. $6,930 e. $7,277 I/YR = 6. 0% 01234 CFs:$0$1,000$2,000$2,000$2,000 PV of CFs:$0$943$1,780$1,679$1,584 PV = $5,987Found using the Excel NPV function. PV = $5,987Found by summing individual PVs. PV = $5,987Found using the calculator NPV key. 5. At a rate of 6. 5%, what is the future value of the following cash flow stream? Years:01234 ||||| CFs:$0$75$225$0$300 a. $526. 01 b. $553. 69 c. $582. 83 d. $613. 51 e. $645. 80 I/YR = 6. 5% 01234 CFs:$0$75$225$0$300 FV of CFs:$0$91$255$0$300 FV = $645. 80Found by summing individual FVs. FV = $645. 80Found with the NFV key in some calculators. FV = $645. 80Found with a calculator by first finding the PV of the stream, then finding the FV of that PV. PV of the stream:$501. 99 FV of the PV:$645. 80 6. What’s the future value of $1,500 after 5 years if the appropriate interest rate is 6%, compounded semiannually? a. $1,819 b. $1,915 c. $2,016 d. $2,117 e. $2,223 Years5 Periods/Yr2 Nom. I/YR6. 0% N = Periods10 PMT$0 I = I/Period3. 0% PV = $1,500 Could be found using a calculator, an equation, or Excel. FV = $2,016 Note that we must first convert to periods and rate per period 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Ma Practice Question specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ma Practice Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ma Practice Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An investor plans to buy a common stock and hold it for two years. The investor expects to receive $1. 5 in dividend a year and $26 from the sales of the stock at the end of year 2. If the investor wants a 15% return (compound annually), the maximum price the investor should pay for the stock today is roughly: A). $24 B). $28 C). $22 D). $32 E). $26 C). $22 (n=2, pmt = 1. 5, fv = 26, I = 15%, PV = ? ) 8. Morin Companys bonds mature in 8 years, have a par value of $1,000, and make an annual coupon interest payment of $65. The market requires an interest rate of 8. % on these bonds. What is the bonds price? a. $903. 04 b. $925. 62 c. $948. 76 d. $972. 48 e. $996. 79 N8 I/YR8. 2% PMT$65 FV$1,000 PV$903. 04 9. Sadik Inc. s bonds currently sell for $1,180 and have a par value of $1,000. They pay a $105 annual coupon and have a 15-year maturity, but they can be called in 5 years at $1,100. What is their yield to call (YTC)? a. 6. 63% b. 6. 98% c. 7. 35% d. 7. 74% e. 8. 12% N5 PV$1,180 PMT$105 FV$1,100 I/YR = YTC7. 74% 10. Assume that you are considering the purchase of a 20-year, noncallable bond with an annual coupon rate of 9. %. The bond has a face value of $1,000, and it makes semiannual interest payments. If you require an 8. 4% nominal yield to maturity on this investment, what is the maximum price you should be willing to pay for the bond? a. $1,105. 69 b. $1,133. 34 c. $1,161. 67 d. $1,190. 71 e. $1,220. 48 Par value$1,000 Coupon rate9. 5% Periods/year2 Yrs to maturity20 Periods = Yrs to maturity ? Periods/year40 Required rate8. 4% Periodic rate = Required rate/2 = I/YR4. 20% PMT per period = Coupon rate/2 ? Par value$47. 50 Maturity value = FV$1,000 PV$1,105. 69

Socrates Vs Gilgamesh essays

Socrates Vs Gilgamesh essays Socrates view of death in the Phaedo, Crito, and Apology is complex. His argument tries to prove that philosophers, of all people, are in the best state to die or will be in the best state after life because of the life they lead. Socrates views are sharply contrasted in The Epic of Gilgamesh. In fact, he would probably say that Gilgamesh had not lived the proper kind of life and his views of life, and death would lead to an unsettled existence in the afterlife. Socrates view of death, from his opinions on the act of dying, the state of the soul after death, and the fear of death, differs from that of The Epic of Gilgamesh to the extent that Socrates would refute every belief about death presented in The Epic of Gilgamesh. Socrates believes the act of dying to be a separation of the soul from the body. The soul is that which attains knowledge, and the body is that which experiences senses and emotions. In Gilgamesh there is no distinction between the body and soul. In the Phaedo, before Socrates drinks the poison Crito questions him as to how he would like to be buried to which Socrates replies, I do not convince Crito that I am this Socrates talking to you here and ordering all I say, but he thinks that I am the thing which he will soon be looking at as a corpse (Plato 153). By this Socrates means that after death what is left is merely the body and that the self is in the soul, which is no longer part of the body. Gilgamesh does not see things this way. After the death of Enkidu he tells the Man-Scorpion, I have wept for him day and night, I would not give up his body for burial, I thought my friend would come back because of my weeping (Gilgamesh 98). Gilgamesh has the view that the body st ill encompasses what is the self. Socrates would obviously say that it is nonsense to cling to the body of the dead as if it were the person because the soul has already depar ...

Global Warming and Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Warming and Energy - Essay Example The global warming issue is divided by 1) spreading process, 2) spreading locations, and 3) principal causes. Global environmental issues include a wide range of environment related issues, such as, global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, acid rain, rain forest phenomenon, desertification, reduction of wildlife species, pollution problems in developing countries, water life pollution, hazardous wastes, etc. Among all of these issues, the global warming issue, which is caused due to the increased consumption of energy derived from the fossil fuels, draws an increasing attention of the whole world. Mechanisms of Global Warming Mechanism of Warming The surface of planets including Earth is heated by solar radiation energy, which is a visible light with short wavelength, whereas it is cooled by releasing energy, which is an infrared ray with long wavelength. The temperature of the planet surface is determined by the balance between the incoming and outgoing energies. A. Cooling Eff ect Not all solar rays that are radiated towards the earth reach the surface of the earth. There are substances around the earth that reflect the solar rays. The reflected radiation energy does not reach the surface of the earth. ... e are certain gases present in the atmosphere, which do not have the tendency to absorb the visible light with short wavelength, such as, solar radiation energy but they can absorb the infrared radiation with long wavelength, such as, the energy that is released from the earth. Once these gases absorb the released energy from the earth's surface, they re-radiate the energy in all directions. Some energy is directed upwards, whereas some energy is directed back towards the earth's surface. As a result, the temperature of the earth's surface starts increasing due to the energy which is directed towards the surface of the earth. Types of Greenhouse Gases The greenhouse gases which occur naturally include methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and ozone, whereas the artificial greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbon. Among these greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide is the type of gas, which contributes most to the issue of global warming. If we analyze the rate of emissions of the last decade, we find that the global warming caused due to carbon dioxide accounts for approximately seventy percent, which is really a great percentage. Before the industrial revolution, the greenhouse gas concentration was relatively stable, but when the world’s population started to increase rapidly along with industrialization and agricultural modernization, the greenhouse gas concentration increased up to a great extent. Japan's Carbon Dioxide Emissions Since the first oil crisis, which occurred in 1973, Japan's carbon dioxide emissions had remained unchanged until the mid 1980s. Then, due to strong economic growth during the bubble period and the low energy cost, it faced an upward trend. Thereafter, the increase rate became slow, but in 2008, 1187 million tons

Analyzing an article - Heel Lancing in Newborns Essay

Analyzing an article - Heel Lancing in Newborns - Essay Example (Morrow, 2010) The results of this research could help significantly for the nursing profession as it gives an idea for the nurses on when to perform the heel lancing procedures. The total number of infants employed in the study was 42. The setting was such that the infants were selected if they satisfied two conditions. First, they should have greater than 37 weeks of gesticulation period and secondly, they should have successfully undergone the total serum bilirubin (TSB) procedure. (Morrow, 2010) The entire research was conducted in a successful and popular tertiary hospital. The dependent variables used for the measurement included the behavioral response of each child. The independent variables included the squeeze level of the nurse, the position of holding the new born and the condition of whether it swaddled or not. The independent variables were determined by the nurses who were holding on to the baby. The dependent variables were measured using Neonatal Inventory Pain Scale (NIPS) which uses a scoring instrument that scores the behavioral responses in the range between 0 and 1 and based on the total score, the pain is measured. (Morrow, 2010) The hypothesis is that the time for which the neonate’s heel is squeezed would be greatly reduced if the neonate is held in upright position combined with it being swaddled up. Such a reduction of time would greatly help in minimizing the sufferings of the neonates during heal lancing procedures. The strength of the study is that it was performed in real time situations and hence strengthens the validity of the results. Also, there is not much deviation of the results when compared with those of the theoretical approach. The weakness of the study is that it did not provide information about alternate findings on the same subject. Also, infants of mothers affected with certain diseases and troubles like diabetes were not considered for testing, which questions

The Case of GlaxoSmithKline Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The of GlaxoSmithKline - Case Study Example While the blockbuster strategy at GSK has been so successful in the past, it is nearing a period where it is more likely than not to become obsolete. This is as a result of a diverse number of challenges which have made blockbusters less profitable when compared to the past few decades. Among these challenges is the decline in R&D productivity where only a single compound out of nearly 13 discovered enters the market after clinical trials have been carried out and this is a big blow to pharmaceutical companies such as GSK. Moreover, because of the need to make the public aware of newly discovered drugs that enter the market, it is essential for companies to commercialize it. This takes increased funding and creates a situation where recent years have seen an increase in the costs of commercialisation for GSK in such a way that the processes of discovering, developing and launching new products have increased substantially. In addition, in recent years, patents to blockbusters have in creasingly been challenged not only by smaller pharmaceutical companies but also by governments and this has created a situation where GSK has come face to face with serious limits to the revenue potential of its products. The shorter exclusivity periods that have come about as a result of competition has seen companies develop similar yet cheaper drugs than GSK’s blockbusters which have received the approval of numerous governments across the world. This situation has increased pressures on GSK’s patent protections.

Rosa Parks Essay -- Biography Biographies Rosa Parks Essays

Rosa Parks Forward Rosa Parks’ courage to stand up for rights as a citizen of the USA inspires me to this day to stand up for the ideals of freedom & justice for all. Rosa Parks influenced many northerners & lawmakers to look squarely at the discrimination victimizing Alabama’s black people, and work to correct injustice. A vital democracy requires citizen participation! The civil rights movement must continue today as immigrants, especially Arabs and Arab look-alikes are victims of prejudice. Washington Territory and Washington State were too long dominated by the Ku Klux Klan. We need active human rights advocates today to ensure dignity for all people. Shawn Landden [& Chris Bowen]’s biography of Rosa Parks is recommended reading for all who aspire to a successful democracy today. Introduction Many people know Rosa Parks. She was an important part of the Civil Rights Movement; she was arrested for not giving up her seat on a public bus to a white man when he wanted it. She was sick of being pushed around and shamelessly showed it by demanding respect. After this incident the black community started a major bus boycott. It started as a laughable situation that was expected to stop in a few days but ended as a serious problem for the Montgomery Bus Company. For over a year, the black community would not ride the buses. This ended when the U.S. Supreme Court declared bus segregation unconstitutional. This victory, without a doubt, made all African Americans confident to continue the Civil Rights Movement. Even before Rosa's arrest, Montgomery's black leaders had been discussing a boycott from the buses. They used her arrest as "a spark to light the fire that is the boycott". That is why the name Rosa Parks will be remembered for years to come. In this biography you will read about Rosa Parks' life before the boycott including her childhood, education, jobs, and ambitions. You will also learn about her life during the boycott, which will include her struggle toward her goals, and her life after the boycott, which will include her continuing work for civil rights. I hope you learn many things about Rosa Parks and her life, in this Biography, and I hope you remember the name Rosa Parks for years to come. Timeline February 4, 1913  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rosa McCauley born in Tuskegee Alabama 1918  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enters school in Pine Level, Alabama 1924... ..., in Washington, D.C., had designed this sculpture. Etched into this sculpture were the names of forty men and women who had been killed in the civil rights movement. On the rock there also lies these words from Dr. King: â€Å"†¦until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.† Rosa was there when this memorial was established. Rosa still lives on today, traveling more and working with her institute, the Rosa and Raymond Parks institute for Self Development, in hopes of sharing her mission with the world. Bibliography Internet â€Å"Rosa Parks: The Woman Who Changed a Nation† http://www.grandtimes.com/rosa.html [Online] 28 March 2002 â€Å"The Life of Rosa Parks† http://www.tsum.edu/museum/parlsbio.htm [Online] 30 March 2002 â€Å"Rosa and Raymond Parks: Our history† http://www.rosaparkis.org/pages/background.html 30 March 2002 â€Å"Rosa and Raymond Parks: Programs† http://www.rosaparkis.org/pages/programs.html 30 March 2002 Books Rosa Lee Parks with Jim Haskins Rosa Parks: My Story Broadway, New York, NY Scholastic Inc.  ©1992 by Rosa Parks Encyclopedia â€Å"Parks, Rosa Lee† World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book: CD-ROM.  ©2000

Woolf and Mcewan: How the Modern Became Postmodern

Ian McEwan’s Atonement draws inspiration from and alludes to a vast number of 20th century modernist authors and works, both stylistically and thematically. For a novel to be considered a successful culmination to the reading of a large body of works, however, it must not be content with merely echoing the themes, styles, and forms of the past. Rather, it must extend them, add to them creatively, and attempt to pull them into contemporary readership.While his thematic and stylistic allusions to 20th century greats such as Virginia Woolf show his intellectual knowledge of and debt to 20th century modernist writing, it is McEwan’s ability to transform these stylistic and thematic elements and mold them into a postmodern classic that makes Atonement a more than adequate culmination to the readings of a 20th century British Literature course. Stylistically, McEwan draws most heavily from the works of Virginia Woolf for the opening portion of Atonement.The slow pace of the o pening, allowing for the painstakingly detailed description of nearly every scene, in addition to the examination of the psychological motives of multiple main characters, closely mirrors the style of Virginia Woolf, which she incorporates into the majority of her works. To quote a characteristically slow paced, though psychologically enriched, passage from the opening of Woolf’s Between the Acts, â€Å"Mrs. Manresa bubbled up, enjoying her own capacity to surmount, without turning a hair, this minor social crisis—this laying on of two more plates.For had she not complete faith in flesh and blood? and aren’t we all flesh and blood? and how silly to make bones of trifles when we’re all flesh and blood under the skin† (Woolf 39). The passage, to one unfamiliar with the stylistically innovative style of Woolf, seems to meander under the weight of an overly descriptive narrative and, more prominently, under the psychological musings of a character that , until a few pages previous, was nonexistent to the reader. The majority of Between the Acts contains passages of a similar style, of which this is only one randomly chosen example.As is true of many of the passages that can be found in any Woolfian novel, advancing the storyline is secondary to fleshing out the motives, thoughts, and feelings of the characters. With the plot safely set behind in-depth psychological examination in rank of importance, Woolf is free to experiment with a stream-of-consciousness style narrative in which psychological elements of the story feature more prominently than physical elements. In addition to the stream-of-consciousness for which she is well known, there are other characteristics common to much of Woolf’s work.For example, she has the tendency to describe a scene, more often than not, a natural scene, in painstaking detail, reluctant to add action that would too quickly further the narrative. Another passage from Between the Acts provid es and adequate example of this, reading, â€Å"Here came the sun—an illimitable rapture of joy, embracing every flower, every leaf. Then in compassion it withdrew, covering its face, as if it forebore to look on human suffering. There was a fecklessness, a lack of symmetry and order in the clouds as they thinned and thicked.Was it their law, or no law they obeyed? † (Woolf 23). This description of nature essentially is of no consequence to the narrative yet the full passage describing the weather proceeds for almost a full page. The flowing, exceptionally detailed descriptions coinciding with an apparently lacking story line and an in-depth psychological view that the reader is privy to as a result of the stream-of-consciousness style, are all aspects of Woolfian literature that McEwan attempts to draw from and mold to his own postmodernist designs.While McEwan draws inspiration from Woolf in a way that would be just as simple for an author of less talent to do, his a ims are far deeper reaching than an author who simply wishes to garner a comparison to Virginia Woolf. McEwan does borrow quite clearly from the stylings of Woolf, even commenting it upon it himself, writing, â€Å"we wondered if it owed a little too much to the techniques of Mrs. Woolf† (McEwan 294). Rather than be content with merely keeping her modernist conventions intact, however, he completely alters their meaning within the context of his own novel.In the opening portions of Atonement, for example, McEwan, in quite a similar way as Woolf, attempts to gain entry to the psychological depths of his characters. With the exception of a few broad passages required to move the story forward through dialogue or action, the majority of the opening is devoted to the internal monologues of the characters and an examination of their needs, desires, and feelings. This is clearly defined in the earliest pages as the ovel provides passages such as, â€Å"She wanted to leave, she wan ted to lie alone, facedown on her bed and savor the vile piquancy of the moment, and go back down the lines of branching consequence to the point before the destruction began† (McEwan 14). This passage, one of many in a similar style throughout Atonement, attempts, in a stream-of-consciousness in the classic Woolfian sense, to examine the inner psyche of the character rather than force any sort physical, tangible action to occur. In this way, the story’s narrative may seem slow paced while the characters’ motives become more well known to the reader.This borrowing stylistically from Woolf is not necessarily important or groundbreaking, and is certainly no deciding factor in whether this novel should be viewed as a classic in coming decades. There have been many authors who have devoted the entirety of their works to the stream-of-consciousness fiction that Woolf helped to pioneer. As mentioned above, what makes McEwan an author deserving of longevity in his works is that the allusions are not merely presented, but are completely altered from their original meaning by the context of Atonement.He takes deeply alluded to modernist conventions and makes them Briony’s primary source of inspiration, seen most clearly when she ponders the new school of authors and realizes, â€Å"She no longer really believed in characters. They were quaint devices that belonged to the nineteenth century†¦Plots too were like rusted machinery whose wheels would no longer turn†¦It was thought, perception, and sensations that interested he, the conscious mind and how to represent its onward roll† (McEwan 265).There is a certain depth and complexity in the fact that McEwan represents these modernist conventions not as his own, but as those of a thirteen year old girl, the central character of his metanarrative. What McEwan does next with these modernist principles of writing is attempt to show that they too are vestiges of the past, doomed to f all in the face of a more ethical and moral fiction. Just as Briony rejects the realism of the authors of the nineteenth century, McEwan is rejecting the modernism of the 20th century in favor of a postmodernism.One of Briony’s internal monologues to which the reader is privy, begins, â€Å"The interminable pages about light and stone and water, a narrative split between three points of view, the hovering stillness of nothing much seeming to happen—none of this could conceal her cowardice† (McEwan 302). These characteristics, all of which have been shown to influence Woolfian literature, have all failed Briony’s attempt to hide what she knows she has done.The monologue continues in a similar vein with, â€Å"Did she really think she could hide behind some borrowed notions of modern writing, and drown her guilt in a stream—three streams! —of consciousness? †(McEwan 302). Her guilt and the moral and ethical implications of what she has done cannot be fixed through some outdated ideas of modernist fiction, which has no ethical consequences. There are allusions from dozens of modernists authors sprinkled throughout the length of Atonement. Unfortunately, the scope of this paper can give only one of the most prominent.In a similar fashion as with the Woolf example, however, McEwan nearly always thoughtfully engages the text to which he is alluding, but is not content to merely allow these allusions to sit idly in the novel with no sense of purpose. Rather, each of his numerous allusions has some greater purpose in Atonement as McEwan artfully transforms them into something that fits the overall scope of what he attempts to accomplish. Still, the question remains whether or not this book is an adequate culmination of all the readings in a 20th century British literature course.The fact that Atonement not only draws from modernist writers, many of whom are the focus of the aforementioned course, but attempts to extend them creatively and transform them from the 20th century modern to the 21st century postmodern makes Atonement an excellent novel and a fine culmination of a semester of 20th century British literature. Works Cited McEwan, Ian. Atonement. New York: Anchor Books, 2001. Woolf, Virginia. Between the Acts. New York: Harcourt, 2001.

Catcher In The Rye Essays (716 words) - Literary Realism

Catcher In The Rye Essays (716 words) - Literary Realism Catcher In The Rye The Catcher in the Rye In J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, the first person narration is critical in helping the reader to know and understand the main character, Holden Caulfield. Holden, in his narration, relates a flashback of a significant period of his life, three days and nights on his own in New York City. Through his narration, Holden discloses to the reader his innermost thoughts and feelings. He thus provides the reader not only with information of what occurred, but also how he felt about what happened. Holden's thoughts and ideas reveal many of his character traits. One late Saturday night, four days before the beginning of school vacation, Holden is alone, bored and restless, wondering what to do. He decides to leave Pencey, his school, at once and travels to New York by train. He decides that, once in New York, he will stay in a cheap motel until Wednesday, when he is to return home. His plan shows the reader how very impetuous he is and how he acts on a whim. He is unrealistic, thinking that he has a foolproof plan, even though the extent of his plans are to take a room in a hotel.., and just take it easy till Wednesday. Holden's excessive thoughts on death are not typical of most adolescents. His near obsession with death might come from having experienced two deaths in his early life. He constantly dwells on Allie, his brother's, death. From Holden's thoughts, it is obvious that he loves and misses Allie. In order to hold on to his brother and to minimize the pain of his loss, Holden brings Allie's baseball mitt along with him where ever he goes. The mitt has additional meaning and significance for Holden because Allie had written poetry, which Holden reads, on the baseball mitt. Holden's preoccupation with death can be seen in his contemplation of a dead classmate, James Castle. It tells the reader something about Holden that he lends his turtleneck sweater to this classmate, with whom he is not at all close. Holden's feelings about people reveal more of his positive traits. He constantly calls people phonies, even his brother, D.B., who has sold out to Hollywood. Although insulting, his seemingly negative feelings show that Holden is a thinking and analyzing, outspoken individual who values honesty and sincerity. He is unimpressed with people who try to look good in other's eyes. Therefore, since it is obvious that Holden is bright, the reason for his flunking out of school would seem to be from a lack of interest. Holden has strong feelings of love towards children as evidenced through his caring for Phoebe, his little sister. He is protective of her, erasing bad words from the walls in her school and in a museum, in order that she not learn from the graffiti. His fondness for children can be inferred when he tells her that, at some time in the future, he wants to be the only grown-up with all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. He'll stand on the edge of a cliff and catch anybody who starts to fall off the edge of the cliff. He got this image from his misinterpretation of a line from the Robert Burns poem, if a body catch a body comin' through the rye. When situations are described, in person or in a book, they are influenced by the one who describes them, and by his or her perceptions and experiences. Through Holden's expressions of his thoughts and feelings, the reader sees a youth, sensitive to his surroundings, who chooses to deal with life in unique ways. Holden is candid, spontaneous, analytical, thoughtful, and sensitive, as evidenced by his narration. Like most adolescents, feelings about people and relationships are often on his mind. Unfortunately, in Holden's case, he seems to expect the worst, believing that the result of getting close to people is pain. Pain when others reject you or pain when they leave you, such as when a friend walks off or a beloved brother dies. It would not have been possible to feel Holden's feelings or understand his thoughts nearly as

Saying Hello in French

Saying Hello in French Greetings are an essential part of French social etiquette. The most important and common greeting is  bonjour, which means hello, good day, or even hi. There are also other ways to say hello or greet someone in French, but its important to understand what greetings are acceptable in various social contexts. Youll also need to familiarize yourself with greetings that are considered informal versus those that you would use in more formal settings. Bonjour- The Most Common Greeting Saying bonjour is the most common way to greet someone in French. Its a flexible, all-purpose term: You use it to greet people in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Bonjour is always polite, and it works in any situation. In France, you need to say  bonjour  when entering a place.  Whether you are talking to a single salesperson  or entering a crowded bakery, greet them by saying  bonjour. For example, if there are a few people sitting at a table you are approaching or several acquaintances are drinking  un expresso  at the bar as you walk up to them,  greet them with a friendly  bonjour.   If you are talking to one person, it is polite in French to use courtesy titles when you say hello, as in:   Bonjour, madame  (Mrs.)Bonjour, monsieur  (Mr.)Bonjour,  mademoiselle  (Miss) Its acceptable to say bonjour by itself- without using courtesy titles- if you are greeting several people, such as when you enter une boulangerie  (a bakery) packed with a line of customers. Bonsoir- The Evening Hello Use bonsoir  to say hello in the evening. Since the  hour that nighttime arrives in France can vary greatly  depending on the season, generally start saying bonsoir around 6 p.m. You can also use bonsoir when you leave- so long as its still evening. Beware of Salut Salut (pronounced with a silent t) is commonly used in France, although it is extremely informal: Its the equivalent of saying hey in English.  Avoid using salut  with people you dont know unless you are a teenager. If you are in doubt, stick with bonjour, which- as noted- is always an acceptable form of greeting. You can also use salut  to say goodbye  in an informal setting among close friends, but there are better ways to  say goodbye in French. Gestures Associated With Bonjour If you say bonjour to a group of strangers- such as when you are  entering a shop- you need not add any gestures, though you may nod your head a bit, and of course smile. If you know the person you are greeting with bonjour, you would either shake his hand- a frank, strong handshake is preferable- or kiss him on the cheek.  Light kisses  (rarely just one kiss on each cheek but usually three or four total) are extremely common in France among friends and acquaintances. Be aware, however, that the  French do not hug  upon greeting each other and saying  bonjour.

Factors that Influence the Volatility in Exchange Markets in China Research Paper

Factors that Influence the Volatility in Exchange Markets in China - Research Paper Example Factors that Influence the Volatility in Exchange Markets in China Foreign exchange influences the countries ability to conduct business relations with its trading associates. Therefore, the factors, which control the exchange patterns of a countries currency, become vital to it. Considering this, the Central banks have the mandate of monitoring the exchange fluctuations of the currency. It is in a position to instill stability of the currency by tightening the financial policies of exchange rates of banks and bureaus. The first role includes the â€Å"transfer function† which is essential in facilitating the transfer of the purchasing capacity of the trading countries. For example, if the exchange rate US is superior to that of China, for instance 2.68 Yuan: 1$, the Chinese firms will incur more to import from US. The second is the â€Å"credit function† role that entails the provision of credit for foreign trade. The transfer of commodities takes time, and this transit period requires financing. The trader’s exchange agents and banks furnish the foreign traders with credit facilities to facilitate trade. Thirdly, the exchange rates assist in hedging against the variation of the currency markets. The exchange rates market has structures that importers and exporters can use to evade the excessive costs and risks of exchange rate patterns. Hedging enables corporations evade the exchange risks through exchange agreements by using the following rates: Fixed exchange rates, Forward exchange rate and Spot rate. Relevance of Spot Exchange Rate (SER) in exchange markets The spot rate is the existing transfer rate of foreign currencies in comparison to the home currency (Wang, 2009). This rate is determines by the existing economic situations in a country. Interestingly, the political circumstances of the country also have a considerable effect on the exchange rates. Therefore, changes in the fu ture expectations can disrupt the current spot rate. Miller (2002) suggests Spot rates are crucial since they depict the

Economics of Race and Gender Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economics of Race and Gender - Assignment Example The various chapters show the inter-related dependence of the gender based equity amongst the adult members of the family unit In the third chapter, Blau et al. (2009) claim that the family continues to act as an economic unit where the adults remain the major decision makers and make rational decisions through informed choices for the welfare of the whole family rather than for individuals. It is especially true for semi urban and rural areas where the family is intrinsic part of social structure and still acts as the integrated economic unit. The challenges of the fast changing social equations and societal values have also brought forth the gender biases as major controversial issues. The chapter reasserts that the significant contribution of gender stratification to economy within and outside the family. The chapter four elaborates that in the home economics of the changing society, the distribution of time between household and labor market is closely linked to home labor time where the market goods are changed into commodities that are utilized for the maximum good of the family. The authors assert that the time spent on home production is as important as the time spent on paid work that helps to buy goods from the market. They have redefined home production efforts of the women at home and made them as vital part of home economics. They emphasize the gender equity amongst the working population vis-Ã  -vis wage, work distribution and consequently influencing consumption pattern of the goods produced. Thus the authors have given a new perspective to equitable distribution to the gender based economic contribution within and outside the home. The fifth chapter clearly demonstrates the new changing perspectives vis-Ã  -vis gender based stratification of job and emphasis on gender equality. Blau et al. consider that the discrepancy in the roles of